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Gynecologic Cancers

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Gynecologic Cancers

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Gynecologic cancer is any cancer that starts in a woman's reproductive organs. The five main types of cancer that affect a woman's reproductive organs are cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar. As a group, they are referred to as gynecologic cancer.

Common Symptoms of Gynecologic Cancers

  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge is common for all gynecologic cancers except vulvar cancer.

  • Feeling full too quickly or difficulty eating, bloating, and abdominal or back pain are common for ovarian cancer.

  • Pelvic pain or pressure is common for ovarian and uterine cancers.

  • More frequent or urgent need to urinate and/or constipation are common for ovarian and vaginal cancers.

  • Itching, burning, pain, or tenderness of the vulva, and changes in vulva color or skin, such as a rash, sores, or warts, are found only in vulvar cancer.

What can be done to reduce the risk and early detection

1) HPV Vaccine

Cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a very common sexually transmitted infection. The HPV vaccine protects against the types of HPV that most often cause cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers.

  • HPV vaccination is recommended in girls starting from age 9 through age 26 years

2) Screening test for early detection of cervical cancers

Pap smear – starting from age 21

HPV test from age 30 years onwards

Treatments

It may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation